Personal Services

Glossary

Odd Lot

A number of shares equalling less than a board lot, the regular trading unit decided upon by the particular stock exchange. Also, an amount less than the par value of one trading unit on the over-the-counter market.

Off-the-Board

This term refers to transactions made over-the-counter in unlisted securities, or, in a special situation, to a transaction involving a block of listed stock that is not executed on a recognized stock exchange.

Offer

An offer is the same as an ask, which is the lowest price at which a person is willing to sell a security. This is as opposed to a bid, which is the highest price at which a person is willing to buy a security.

Of Record

Shareholders "of record" are those who appear on the company's books or records as of a certain date. If, for example, a company announces that it will pay a dividend to shareholders of record January 15, every shareholder whose name appears on the company's books on that day will be sent a dividend cheque from the company.

Open-End or Mutual Fund Investment Company

This is a company that uses its capital to invest in other companies. Open-end, or mutual funds, sell their own new shares to investors, buy back their old shares, and are not listed for trading on a stock exchange. Open-end funds are so named because their capitalization is not fixed, and they normally issue more shares as people want them.

Open Order

An order to buy or sell a security at a specified price, which is valid until executed or cancelled.

Open Outcry

Verbal bids and offers made on the trading floors of stock exchanges. This method of public auction is disappearing as stock exchanges become automated.

Option

An investor who purchases an option has the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell certain securities at a specified price within a specified time. A put option gives the holder the right to sell the security, a call option gives the right to buy the security.

Option Eligible Securities

Securities that meet the eligibility criteria as underlying securities for put and call options on a stock exchange.

Option Holder

The buyer of either a call or put option.

Option Premium

This is the price of an option. It is the amount of money that the option holder pays for the rights and the option writer receives for the obligations granted by the option.

Option Writer

The seller of either a call or put option. The option writer receives payment, called a premium, and is obligated to buy or sell the underlying security at a specified price, within a certain period of time, if called upon to do so.

Out-of-the-Money Option

A call option is out-of-the-money if its exercise or strike price is above the current market price of the underlying security. A put option is out-of-the-money if its exercise or strike price is below the current market price of the underlying security.

Out-of-Line

A security that appears to be selling too low or too high in relation to comparable issues.

Outstanding Shares

Securities that have been issued and sold to shareholders are referred to as outstanding.

Over-the-Counter (OTC)

A securities market made up of dealers who make trades over the telephone and/or computer. It is also called "unlisted market," "street market" and "between or inter-dealer market." Almost all bonds and debentures, as well as some stocks, are traded over-the-counter in Canada.